Browsing by WoS Q Quality "Q1"

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    A Comprehensive Review of Convolutional Neural Networks based Disease Detection Strategies in Potato Agriculture
    (Springer, 2024-09) Gülmez, Burak; 222298
    This review paper investigates the utilization of Convolutional Neural Networks (CNNs) for disease detection in potato agriculture, highlighting their pivotal role in efficiently analyzing large-scale agricultural datasets. The datasets used, preprocessing methodologies applied, specific data collection zones, and the efficacy of prominent algorithms like ResNet, VGG, and MobileNet variants for disease classification are scrutinized. Additionally, various hyperparameter optimization techniques such as grid search, random search, genetic algorithms, and Bayesian optimization are examined, and their impact on model performance is assessed. Challenges including dataset scarcity, variability in disease symptoms, and the generalization of models across diverse environmental conditions are addressed in the discussion section. Opportunities for advancing CNN-based disease detection, including the integration of multi-spectral imaging and remote sensing data, and the implementation of federated learning for collaborative model training, are explored. Future directions propose research into robust transfer learning techniques and the deployment of CNNs in real-time monitoring systems for proactive disease management in potato agriculture. Current knowledge is consolidated, research gaps are identified, and avenues for future research in CNN-based disease detection strategies to sustain potato farming effectively are proposed by this review. This study paves the way for future advancements in AI-driven disease detection, potentially revolutionizing agricultural practices and enhancing food security. Also, it aims to guide future research and development efforts in CNN-based disease detection for potato agriculture, potentially leading to improved crop management practices, increased yields, and enhanced food security.
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    An examination of the psychological resilience of preschool children with and without Montessori education
    (Wiley, 2024-08) Sezgin, Elif; Şener, Tülay; 157389
    This study aims to compare the psychological resilience of children who receive Montessori education with those who do not receive Montessori education(the group attends a school where education is provided according to the Preschool Education Programme of the Ministry of National Education). The study used the Relational Scanning Model Comparison Types to compare the psychological resilience of children who received Montessori education with those who did not. The research involved 99 children aged 3–6 years who received regular preschool and Montessori education during the 2021–2022 academic year. It is reported that no developmental or neurological defects were observed in any of the participants. The study group comprised 50 children aged 3–6 years from a private kindergarten affiliated with National Education in Nilüfer district and 49 children aged 3–6 years from a private Montessori kindergarten in Nilüfer district. According to the study, children who received Montessori education demonstrated comparatively higher levels of psychological resilience than those who did not receive Montessori education. It has been observed that there exists a weak but meaningful correlation between the psychological resilience of children and their social relationships/social performance, particularly in those who have received Montessori education for an extended duration. As a result, it can be inferred that Montessori education positively impacts children's psychological resilience.
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    Comparative analysis of different drying methods on strawberry aroma compounds via multi-criteria decision-making techniques
    (MDPI, 2025-01) Cengiz, Nurten; Abdulvahitoğlu, Aslı; Abdulvahitoğlu, Adnan; 382420
    Food and food safety, as one of the basic issues of human life, has made it necessary to store foods for a long time with the increasing population. One of the oldest and most common methods of extending the shelf life of food products is the drying process. The drying process contributes to the higher quality of foods in terms of physical, chemical, and microbial properties by ensuring that beneficial contents such as vitamins, minerals, and aroma compounds are better preserved. The aroma values of foods, which consist of taste and smell components, gain importance. In foods, the taste is determined by permanent components, while smell is determined by volatile components. The loss of volatile aroma compounds in the strawberry drying process negatively affects product quality. Small changes in aroma compounds can lead to significant differences in product taste. Therefore, strawberry aroma is a critical factor for consumer appeal and commercial success. In this study, the effects of drying methods on the aroma compounds of strawberry fruit were compared with Multi Criteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques. In this study, PSI-based MCDM techniques were used to make the most appropriate choice among strawberry drying methods. The values of 23 distinct aroma compounds obtained with different drying methods applied to strawberry fruit were analyzed with 7 different MCDM techniques. The calculations gave similar results and these results were combined with the Borda rule. Accordingly, the drying methods with the highest scores were determined as freeze drying.
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    Dams in the wake-up call of the 2023 Türkiye earthquake sequence: Insights from observed damages, risk assessment, and monitoring
    (Elsevier, 2024-01) Hariri-Ardebili, Mohammad Amin; Tosun, Hasan
    On February 6, 2023, Türkiye experienced a significant earthquake with a magnitude of 𝑀𝑤 7.81, followed by four additional earthquakes throughout the day, measuring 𝑀𝑤 5.8 and above, including one with a 𝑀𝑤 7.5. As a result, over 100 dams in the region experienced low to high seismic loads. The impact of these seismic events resulted in a range of damages to dams, varying from light to severe. The authors participated in several post-earthquake reconnaissance missions to collect perishable data regarding the damage. This paper is threefold: First, it explores the seismic performance and observed damage in 17 dams (majority embankments) based on data collected from the field. During the seismic activity, embankment dams underwent failure modes such as strength deterioration, yielding, settlement, tension crack formation, as well as sliding along planar or circular surfaces. Second, the paper offers an updated seismic risk analysis for ten selective damaged dams in the regions. Total risk factors are quantified using two different methods. The results show that the majority of the studied dams are classified as high and very high-risk dams. Third, the paper evaluates 11 other dams in the region that were equipped with sensors for monitoring the ground motions. The recorded acceleration at the crest and the abutment are further used to investigate the amount of amplification based on transfer functions. These recordings will be crucial for subsequent model calibration and system identification. Overall, the paper’s objective is to contribute to sharing post-earthquake reconnaissance mission information and to establish the groundwork for in-depth numerical analyses and quantitative risk assessments of dams located in seismically vulnerable areas.
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    Effect of stress conditions on concentrated leak erosion resistant of fine-grained soils with different characteristics
    (Springer, 2024-08) Topçu, Sadettin; Savaş, Hasan; Tosun, Hasan
    Internal erosion is one of the most important factors that cause earth structures that retain water, such as embankment dams, to collapse. Concentrated leak erosion, one of the forms of internal erosion, occurs in cracked fine-grained soils and pressurized flow conditions. To evaluate the concentrated leak erosion risk of cracks/voids, it is necessary to ascertain the erosion resistance of these materials. The erosion rate and critical shear stresses determine internal erosion resistance in concentrated leak erosion. This study determined soil’s concentrated leak erosion resistance using test equipment that allowed the flow to pass through a hole with stress-free (no loading), anisotropic-compression stress, anisotropic-expansion stress, and isotropic stress conditions. The stresses that developed in the samples’ hole wall where erosion occurred were determined with numerical modeling as pre-experimental stress conditions. The experiments were performed under a single hydraulic head on four selected cohesive soils with different erosion sensitivity. Time-dependent flow rates obtained from the test system can be used to determine hydraulic parameters, such as energy grade lines, with the help of basic theorems of pipe hydraulics in theoretical hydraulic models. Moreover, the erosion rates were quantitatively determined using the continuity equation, while critical shear stresses were qualitatively compared for concentrated leak erosion developed by the dispersion mechanism. As a result of the experiments, stress conditions influence the concentrated leak erosion resistance in the soil samples with dispersive erosion. Moreover, the shear strength in the Mohr–Coulomb hypothesis can explain the erosion resistance in these soils under stress conditions depending on the sand/clay ratio.
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    Exploring Cognitive Enhancements and Default Mode Network Connectivity in Relapsing-Remitting Multiple Sclerosis: Insights from a Prospective Study Investigating the MIND Diet
    (Sage, 2024-09) Demirel, Mert; Daşgın, Hacer; Acar, Nazire Pınar; Özçelik-Eroğlu, Elçin; Atabilen, Büşra; Ertuğrul, Aygün; Akdevelioğlu, Yasemin; Oğuz, Kader Karlı; Tuncer, Meryem Aslı; 396621
    The potential therapeutic impact of the Mediterranean-DASH Intervention for Neurodegenerative Delay (MIND) diet on relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS) remains an underexplored area. Objectives/Aims: This study aims to evaluate the influence of the MIND diet on RRMS by examining neurological, cognitive, and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) parameters. Methods: Seventeen early-stage RRMS patients (aged 20-40, disease duration < 10 years, Beck Depression Inventory Score < 17) underwent MRI at baseline and following a 9-month adherence to the MIND diet. They were matched with 10 healthy controls. Diet adherence was assessed using the MIND Diet scale score. MRI encompassed structural and resting-state fMRI (RS-fMRI) sequences. Neurological evaluation (Expanded Disability Status Scale [EDSS], Timed 25-Foot Walk [T25W], 9-Hole Peg Test [9HPT]), and cognitive assessments (Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE], Rey Auditory Verbal Learning Test [AVLT], phonemic and semantic fluency, forward and backward digit span tests [FDST, BDST]) were conducted. Functional connectivity was assessed using seed-based correlation (SBC) and global correlation by general linear model (GLM), focusing on Default Mode Network (DMN), Central Executive Network (CEN), Dorsal Attention Network (DAN), Salience Network (SN), Visual Network (VN), and Sensorimotor Network (SMN). Results: Patients exhibited high adherence to the diet throughout the 9-month period. Significant improvements were observed in dominant hand 9-HPT (p=0.023) and AVLT parameters (p<0.001), except delayed recall (p=0.982), following the intervention. Increased connectivity within the whole brain was noted in the left frontal orbital cortex of the 9th-month group compared to healthy controls (p=0.000005). Moreover, RRMS patients in the 9th-month group displayed enhanced functional connectivity in the bilateral caudate, bilateral pallidum, and right putamen within the DMN compared to baseline (p=0.000034). Conclusion: The findings of this study suggest potential cognitive benefits of the MIND diet, as evidenced by improvements in AVLT scores. Furthermore, the observed alterations in Default Mode Network (DMN) connectivity in RRMS patients following the dietary intervention indicate a promising avenue for further investigation into cognitive deficit management in this population
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    Hope and psychological resilience in primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness followed in a community mental health center
    (Elsevier, 2024-03) Erkuş, Şeyma; Babacan Gümüş, Aysun; 372023
    Purpose: The aim of this study is to examine hope and psychological resilience in primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness. Design and methods: The descriptive study was conducted on 297 caregivers in community mental health centers in Turkey. Data were collected using the Introductory Information Form, Dispositional Hope Scale and the Resilience Scale for Adults. Findings: Hope and psychological resilience of primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness were moderate. To sociodemographic and caregiver characteristics; caregivers who are over 40 years old, lost his/her spouse, low education level, housewife or retired, unemployed, who evaluated their incomes low, mother, living in the same house with the patient, caring for ten years or more, caring for another patient and not getting help in care had lower hope and resilience levels. Compared to patients with a diagnosis of bipolar disorder, caregivers of patients with schizophrenia had lower hope and psychological resilience levels. Conclusions: Primary caregivers of patients with a chronic mental illness should be supported in terms of hope and psychological resilience.
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    Investigation of pepsin levels in bronchial lavage in patients with interstitial lung disease and chronic cough
    (Elsevier, 2024-11) Ala Çitlak, Fatma Selen; Köksal, Nurhan; Avci, Bahattin; Tibel Tuna, Nazmiye; Güllü, Yusuf Taha; 156045
    Aim: Pepsin is an enzyme that helps digest protein secreted only from the gastric chief cell in an inactive state. Pepsin is a good marker for acidic gastroesophageal reflux (GER). Its presence in sputum or saliva is considered pathologic. In GER, cough is stimulated by broncho-esophageal neurogenic reflex and aspiration of gastric contents into the airways. GER is the most common cause of cough. Gastric acid reflux is also thought to play a role in Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) etiology. In many studies, pepsin and bile acid levels in bronchial lavage were high in patients with interstitial lung disease and chronic cough. In our study, we aimed to evaluate pepsin levels in bronchial lavage in patients with ILD and chronic cough and to investigate the relationship between symptoms and reflux treatment. Methods: Between January 2021 and February 2022, 212 patients who underwent bronchoscopy in our tertiary clinic were evaluated. These patients were divided into three groups: 52 patients with interstitial lung disease, 81 patients with chronic cough, and 79 patients who underwent bronchoscopy with a pre-diagnosis of lung cancer as the control group. Bronchial lavage obtained by bronchoscopy was analyzed for pepsin levels. Results: Shortness of breath and cough were the most common symptoms in all three groups. Pepsin levels were 16.71 ± 8.6 ng/ml in the chronic cough group, 15.6 ± 8.9 ng/ml in the ILD group, and 10.58 ± 5.4 ng/ml in the lung cancer (control) group. Pepsin levels in the ILD and chronic cough group were statistically significantly higher than in the lung cancer group (p:0.00). There was no statistical difference between the ILD group and the chronic cough group regarding pepsin levels. It was found that pepsin levels were lower in the three groups who received anti-reflux treatment. There was no difference in pepsin levels between ILD subgroups. Conclusion: Pepsin levels in bronchial lavage were higher in the ILD and chronic cough groups. This suggests that reflux may be involved in the etiology of chronic cough and ILD. Low pepsin values in patients receiving antireflux therapy have shown that occult reflux may occur. In our study, the high level of pepsin in bronchial lavage, especially in the chronic cough and ILD group, may be instructive in the etiology and treatment planning of the disease.
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    Mathematical model to upcycle end-of-roll leftover fabrics in apparel manufacturing
    (Sage, 2024-06) İşeri, Ali; Kızılaslan, Recep; 135066
    This study addresses the problem of end-of-roll leftover fabrics originating after the production of baby/child apparel. The ineffective management of these leftovers results in excess inventory, occupies storage space, and imposes economic and environmental loads. To address this challenge, a novel mathematical modeling approach is proposed. The model maximizes the upcycling of leftovers by incorporating these into the manufacturing of garments while adhering to marketing, production, and ordering constraints. This model also introduces the feasibility of ordering new fabrics with a penalty, as defined by the decision makers, to increase utilization. The model was tested using actual end-of-roll leftover data. The upcycling utilization of leftovers was calculated to be between 57% and 87%. Notably, at an upcycling rate of 58%, 96% of the utilized fabrics were sourced from leftovers. The case study results validate the model efficacy and provide insights into leftover-fabric management.
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    Multi-inflammatory index as a novel predictor of new-onset atrial fibrillation after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting
    (Polish Cardiac Soc, 2024-05) Yüksel, Ahmet; Velioğlu, Yusuf; Atasoy, Mustafa Selçuk; Müdüroğlu, Ayhan; Deşer, Serkan Burç; Gürbüz, Orçun; Aldemir, Mustafa; Çetintaş, Demir; Kılıç, Ali Önder; Badem, Serdar
    Background: To our knowledge, a possible predictive relationship of the multi-inflammatory index (MII) with new-onset atrial fibrillation (AF) after off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) has not yet been studied in the literature. Aims: We aimed to investigate whether the MII is a novel group of hematological markers for predicting postoperative new-onset AF in patients undergoing off-pump CABG. Methods: A total of 427 patients undergoing isolated off-pump CABG between October 2021 and December 2023 were enrolled in this retrospective observational cohort study and allocated to two groups: the AF group (n = 108) and the non-AF group (n = 319). The groups were compared in terms of baseline clinical patient characteristics, laboratory parameters, and operative and postoperative data. Results: The median values of age, length of hospital stay, platelet and neutrophil count, C-reactive protein level, systemic immune-inflammation index, MII-1, MII-2, and MII-3 were significantly greater in the AF group compared to the non-AF group in univariate analyses. In multiple explanatory variable logistic regression analysis, MII-1, MII-2, and MII-3 were determined to be significant hematological variables, and thereby these indices were considered the independent predictors of postoperative new-onset AF. Receiver operating characteristic curve analyses showed that to predict postoperative new-onset AF, MII-1 of 22.47 constituted the cut-off value with 62.0% sensitivity and 57.0% specificity, MII-2 of 141.77 constituted the cut-off value with 43.5% sensitivity and 76.8% specificity, and MII-3 of 5669 constituted the cut-off value with 63.8% sensitivity and 58.3% specificity. Conclusion: This study demonstrated for the first time that all MIIs predicted new-onset AF after off-pump CABG.
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    Selecting facility location of gendarmerie search and rescue (GSR) units; an analysis of efficiency in disaster response
    (Elsevier, 2024-10) Abdulvahitoğlu, Adnan; Vural, Danişment; Macit, İrfan; 382420
    Disasters, referred to as events that result in physical, economic, and social losses for individuals and disrupt the daily activities of human communities, necessitate ongoing preparedness due to their unpredictable nature. Swift response during and after a disaster is crucial for preserving human life. Hence, it is imperative to initiate planning immediately following a disaster to ensure readiness for various tasks. Given these factors, search and rescue units must carefully select a base location that enables them to promptly reach affected areas. Disasters exhibit unique characteristics across different regions of Türkiye. While some regions are prone to earthquakes, others face the risks of landslides, avalanches, or floods. Consequently, the required measures for disaster management vary from region to region. Nevertheless, when the term “disaster” is mentioned in Türkiye, earthquakes often come to mind due to their frequent occurrence and significant impact. The Gendarmerie Search and Rescue (GSR) units have been actively responding to these earthquakes, renowned for their exemplary institutional discipline and working methods. This study aims to examine the operations and deployment locations of GSR units, which play a crucial role in mitigating the impact of frequent earthquakes in Türkiye, utilizing a SWOT analysis. Additionally, a Multi-Criteria Decision Making-based mathematical model will be employed to optimize task activities and to select the most suitable facility locations for GSR units. The use of mathematical modeling in this context ensures that GSR units are strategically positioned to maximize their operational effectiveness and minimize response times. The results will be evaluated through sensitivity analysis.
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    The Relationship between Resistant Hypertension and Advanced Glycation End-Product Levels Measured Using the Skin Autofluorescence Method: A Case–Control Study
    (MDPI, 2023-10) Peker, Tezcan; Boyraz, Bedrettin; 313898
    Resistant hypertension is hypertension that cannot be controlled despite the use of three antihypertensive drugs, one of which is a diuretic. Resistant hypertension often coexists with advanced age, obesity, smoking, and diabetes. Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) are substances that are generated as a result of the glycation of proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids due to conditions such as hyperlipidemia, oxidative stress, and hyperglycemia. There are studies showing the relationships between AGE levels and aortic stiffness, hypertension, and microvascular and macrovascular complications in diabetes. In our study, we examined the relationship between resistant hypertension and AGE levels. Our study was planned as a case–control study, and 88 patients with resistant hypertension were included in the focus group, while 88 patients with controlled hypertension were included in the control group. The AGE levels of the patients were measured using the skin autofluorescence method. AGE levels were found to be significantly higher in patients with resistant hypertension than those recorded in the control group. A significant increase in AGE levels was also observed in patients with resistant hypertension and without diabetes compared with the control group. The levels of AGEs, which can be measured cheaply, noninvasively, and quickly with the skin autofluorescence method, may provide benefits in identifying these patients with resistant hypertension.
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    The Role of Advanced Glycation End Products in Saphenous Vein Graft Failure
    (Karger, 2024-10) Akgümüş, Alkame; Boyraz, Bedrettin; Balun, Ahmet; 313898
    Objective: We aimed to investigate the relationship between advanced glycation end product (AGE) levels in patients with saphenous vein graft (SVG) failure and in patients without SVG failure. Subjects and Methods: In our study, 55 patients with a history of previous coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) surgery, who subsequently underwent coronary angiography for any reason and were found to have either SVG occlusion or significant lesions, were included as study patients. Additionally, 55 patients who have had CABG surgery without SVG failure for at least 1 year served as the control group. AGE values of the patients were measured using the skin autofluorescence method. Results: In our study results, we observed a significant difference in AGE levels between the two groups of patients with similar demographic characteristics (SVG failure groups AGE 3.2 [2.8–3.6] vs. control groups AGE 2.4 [2.1–2.7] p < 0.001). In the receiver operating characteristic curve analysis, we determined the ability of AGE levels to detect SVG failure with an area under the curve of 0.869. We found that in patients with AGE >3, it could detect SVG failure with a sensitivity of 70.9% and a specificity of 87.3%. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that AGE levels can predict SVG failure risk inexpensively, easily, and quickly.
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    The role of nutrition and nutritional supplements in the prevention and treatment of malnutrition in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: current approaches in nutrition therapy
    (Springer, 2025-01) Tuna, Tuğba; Samur, Gülhan; 336342
    Purpose of Review Malnutrition is a significant comorbidity in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD), contributing to disease progression and reduced quality of life. This narrative review examines the role of nutritional therapy in the prevention and management of malnutrition in COPD, emphasizing evidence-based approaches and their clinical implications. Recent Findings COPD patients face increased metabolic demands, systemic inflammation, and reduced dietary intake, resulting in muscle wasting, sarcopenia, and cachexia. Recent evidence highlights the efficacy of targeted nutritional strategies, including essential amino acid supplementation, omega-3 fatty acids, vitamin D, and antioxidants, in improving respiratory function, muscle strength, and patient well-being. Comprehensive nutritional assessments and personalized interventions are increasingly recognized as critical components of COPD care. However, long-term efficacy data remain limited. Summary Nutritional therapy plays a pivotal role in managing malnutrition and improving clinical outcomes in COPD. This review synthesizes the latest evidence, identifies gaps in current research, and proposes strategies for integrating personalized nutrition into COPD care. Future studies are needed to establish the long-term benefits of these interventions and to develop tailored nutritional guidelines for COPD patients.
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    Utilizing large language models for EFL essay grading: an examination of reliability and validity in rubric-based assessments
    (Wiley, 2025-01) Yavuz, Fatih; Çelik, Özgür; Yavaş Çelik, Gamze; 131069
    This study investigates the validity and reliability of generative large language models (LLMs), specifically ChatGPT and Google's Bard, in grading student essays in higher education based on an analytical grading rubric. A total of 15 experienced English as a foreign language (EFL) instructors and two LLMs were asked to evaluate three student essays of varying quality. The grading scale comprised five domains: grammar, content, organization, style & expression and mechanics. The results revealed that fine-tuned ChatGPT model demonstrated a very high level of reliability with an intraclass correlation (ICC) score of 0.972, Default ChatGPT model exhibited an ICC score of 0.947 and Bard showed a substantial level of reliability with an ICC score of 0.919. Additionally, a significant overlap was observed in certain domains when comparing the grades assigned by LLMs and human raters. In conclusion, the findings suggest that while LLMs demonstrated a notable consistency and potential for grading competency, further fine-tuning and adjustment are needed for a more nuanced understanding of non-objective essay criteria. The study not only offers insights into the potential use of LLMs in grading student essays but also highlights the need for continued development and research.