Development of Diallyl Phthalate-Filled Ceramic Shell Self-Healing Capsules for High-Temperature Polymer Composites
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Date
2025-06
Authors
Yazıcı, Murat
Karaman, Aycan
Şahin, Eslem
Duran, Gönenç
Journal Title
Journal ISSN
Volume Title
Publisher
MDPI
Abstract
In this study, a production method for ceramic shell macrocapsules and a high-temperature-resistant, polymer agent-based self-healing system was developed. Two types of macrocapsules were created by filling hollow ceramic capsules with high-temperature-resistant diallyl phthalate (DAP) resin, known for its thermal stability, and a peroxide-based curing agent. These capsules were incorporated into epoxy and DAP matrix materials to develop polymer composite materials with self-healing properties The macrocapsules were produced by coating polystyrene (PS) sacrificial foam beads with raw ceramic slurry, followed by sintering to convert the liquid phase into a solid ceramic shell. Moreover, FTIR, TGA/DTA, and DSC analyses were performed. According to the thermal analysis results, DAP resin can effectively function as a healing agent up to approximately 340 °C. In addition, quasi-static compression tests were applied to composite specimens. After the first cycle, up to 69% healing efficiency was obtained in the epoxy matrix composite and 63.5% in the DAP matrix composite. Upon reloading, the second-cycle performance measurements showed healing efficiencies of 56% for the DAP matrix composite and 58% for the epoxy matrix composite.
Description
Science Citation Index Expanded (SCI-EXPANDED)
Keywords
self-healing , ceramic capsules , diallyl phthalate (DAP) resin , peroxide , epoxy resin
Citation
Yazıcı, M., Karaman, A., Şahin, E. & Duran, G. (2025). Development of Diallyl Phthalate-Filled Ceramic Shell Self-Healing Capsules for High-Temperature Polymer Composites. Polymers, 17(12), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.3390/polym17121621
